Over thousands of years farmers selected for desirable traits in crops, and thus improved the plants for agricultural purposes. "I believe in knowledge sharing and farming is . Given the many phases of crossi … Desirable traits included crop varieties (also known as cultivars, . Researchers have been assembling and managing ex situ collections of crop diversity in a systematic manner for over a century, securing traditional crop varieties and related wild species . To improve the agricultural productivity and farmers' livelihoods, several agricultural technologies (improved crop varieties and related agricultural practices) were introduced by various agencies to the farmers in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The development of these ICVs is geared toward increasing farm productivity and income, reducing hunger and malnutrition, and minimizing food insecurity, particularly among developing economies like Ghana. Atacama desert plants may hold clues to saving crops. This study assessed the complimentary impact of improved maize varieties (IMVs) and crop diversification (CD) on rural maize farmers' welfare (measured by productivity and net farm income) in Ogun State, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique to obtain cross sectional data from 200 respondents. Finger millet 2 5. Approximately 50 to 60% of this increase has been attributed to improved crop cultivars (varieties), with the remainder of the yield improvement attributable to improved crop Tuber crop farming. This paper analyzes factors underpinning the adoption of improved groundnut varieties among farmers to pave the way for upscaling quality seed used for increased production and commodity business in farming communities. Haryana Chari (J5-73/53): The variety was released for all sorghum growing areas in 1976. The results on the perception of farmers variety attributes showed that improved varieties had desirable production and marketing attributes while the local . Author Chandra Shekhar. Improved crops can have more farmer-preferred traits like higher yields or desired coloration. Maharjan 2. 21.4 It has profuse tillering. Of these, 7 are crop varieties from cereals, 9 crop varieties from pulses and Oil crops and 5 are crop varieties from seed spices. ICARDA and its partners have developed improved varieties of a range of crops - wheat, barley, lentil, faba bean, chickpea, grasspea, field pea and forage crops. This study was conducted in boji Gebisa, Ambo District, West Shoa, Ethiopia. New crop varieties set to address drought, malnutrition. A greater understanding of plant mechanisms that increase yields in variable environments is essential to drive the necessary gains in crop improvement, which can be fuelled by genetic diversity and implemented by genome-scale breeding, finely-tuned gene engineering and more-precise agronomic management practices. Maharjan Tribhuvan University S.R. The number of pods per plant in cases of Kudrat 3, Chamatkar and Karishma are 500-1000, 400-600 and 450-650 respectively while the . IMPROVED CROP VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR PUNJAB Crop variety Av. In most crop breeding programs, the rate of yield increment is insufficient to cope with the increased food demand caused by a rapidly expanding global population. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. During the first round meeting of the National Variety Release Committee (NVRC), which held at Adama from June 3-5, 2021, twenty one improved crop varieties were released by IQQO/OARI. Rice 23 2. Maize 4 3. The project focused on 20 crops and 30 countries - 152 crop-country combinations, together representing over 70 percent of the region's total agricultural production value. Post-Green Revolution challenges Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. 16 Impacts of Improved Bean Varieties on Poverty and Food Security in uganda and rwanda 314 C. Larochelle, J. Alwang, G.W. Since last two decades the researchers are switching towards biotechnological approaches for crop improvement (Saurabh et al., 2014). It was developed by selection from germplasm collected from Uttar Pradesh by CCS HAU, Hisar. s: The study aims to reveal farmer's perceptions towards improved highland maize varieties in selected kebeles of Toke kutaye districts. ".the candidate genes we identified represent a genetic goldmine to engineer more . Thus plant breeding leads to reduction in diversity. Kudrat 3 is a perennial variety while the other two are annuals. Improved varieties as expected performed better than the local ones for both crops (Tables 2 and 3). OSU groundbreaking heralds continued 'guarantee' of providing farmer access to improved crop varieties STILLWATER, Okla. - Oklahoma Foundation Seed Stocks has more than doubled its annual production of Foundation Seed developed by Oklahoma State University plant breeders over the last five years, leading to the need for a new, much-larger . The plantation duration of this crop variety is 130-140 days (November to March), and it is prevalent in semi-arid regions of the state. The new varieties are suitable for rainfed agriculture in areas where rainfall is low and erratic. Hidden hunger: addressing micronutrient deficiencies using improved crop varieties Chem Biol. This can be done by the process of hybridization and cross-breeding. However, recording sheet. which held at Adama from June 3-5, 2021, twenty one improved crop varieties were released by IQQO/OARI. Metrics. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield. While qualitative data were analysed trough simple ranking and . In pursuit of this, the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), with USAID support, has started a five-year . A recent study on the impact of improved groundnut varieties in rural Uganda found that adoption can significantly increase crop income and reduce poverty (Kassie et al., 2011). OSU groundbreaking heralds continued 'guarantee' of providing farmer access to improved crop varieties STILLWATER, Okla. - Oklahoma Foundation Seed Stocks has more than doubled its annual production of Foundation Seed developed by Oklahoma State University plant breeders over the last five years, leading to the need for a new, much-larger . Fertilizer use. The improved crop varieties . Improving crops. Ultimately, the application of this model could help farmers and agricultural scientists to develop methods to improve yields for important crops like wheat and, in the future, help to address the . This paper contrasts that experience with the . However substantial number of the farmers were still holding on to the traditional crop varieties thus these farmers had not adopted any kind of improved crop varieties (Table 1). Jai Prakash Singh has developed many improved and high yielding varieties of wheat, paddy, mustard and pigeon pea. The three Pigeon pea varieties, Kudrat 3, Chamatkar, Karishma were developed from Asha and Malviya 13 varieties. Gonzalez-Cepero/INCA) "Matching management practices can produce 0.5 to 1.0 t/ha additional yield of DTRVs when they are . Thus, given that about 70 per . Crop diversity is the raw material for the development of new and improved varieties, which provide a range of important benefits to farmers and consumers. 1. Chapter 16 (Page no: 314) Impacts of improved bean varieties on poverty and food security in Uganda and Rwanda. RICE • Rice is the predominant cereal crop in South Asia. Breeding will be useful to select various strains of crops for features such as disease resistance, fertilizer response, product quality and high yields . This paper examined the effect of variety attributes on adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Kenya. development and dissemination of many improved crop varieties (ICV) for cultivation by farmers worldwide. JP 33, JP 52, JP 61, JP 64, JP 81 and JP Karishma 100 are the improved wheat varieties developed by Jai Prakash. Norton, E. Katungi and R.A. Labarta 17 the Diffusion and Impact of Improved Food Crop Varieties in Sub-Saharan Africa 338 K. Fuglie and J. Marder PArt 4 SyntHESES AnD LESSonS LEArnED ABout HoW to CArry out FuturE rESEArCH Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop season, we performed a probit model (plot-level analysis) to determine the Improved Crop Varieties, Agronomic Practices, Soil Water Conservation Practices Establishment of demonstration plots on improved crop varieties (maize, groundnuts, soybeans and beans) and best-bet agronomic pratices and soil and water conservation practices in Babati, Kongwa, kiteto, Mvomero, Mbozi, Kilosa and Kilolo in Tanzania. Other improved crop varieties have a greater adaptability to a changing climatic, biological, or physical environment. Research is underway to improve crop varieties with higher yields, strengthen stress tolerance, disease and pest resistance, decrease input costs, and increase nutritional value. State-bred rice varieties helped achieve national food production goals during the Green Revolution of the 1970s, but these varieties were highly unpopular and were abandoned soon, as the government . On the whole, however, far fewer people live in hunger today than in the past. The varieties were released by Sinana, Bako, Haro Sabu, Mechara and Fedis Agricultural Research Centers. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture are developing research-based technologies to help farmers increase productivity and production efficiency while practicing sustainable agriculture. Adama from June 3-5, 2021, twenty one improved crop varieties were released by IQQO/OARI. The varieties were released by Sinana, Bako, Haro Sabu, Mechara and Fedis Agricultural Research Centers (Table below). The uniform varieties are more prone Improved varieties have been developed , but…. Improved varieties of some crops in Nepal S.R. The introduction of new cultivated species and improved varieties of crop is a technology aimed at enhancing plant productivity, quality, health and nutritional value and/or building crop resilience to diseases, pest organisms and environmental stresses. - Protecting the crop from loss. In this paper, farmer's perception towards improved highland maize varieties were investigated or Uganda: Naro, Industrialists to Improve Crop Varieties. 2.1. The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety of agricultural applications. During demonstration of teff the lowest yield (7.88qt/ha) was obtained from local variety. Crop variety improvement is the primary step to improve food crop production. Access and use of seed of improved varieties of groundnut among farmers can improve farmers' livelihoods and contribute to the potential of crop production in Tanzania. The ears are medium dense and tapering in shape with whtie glumes. The National Development Plan III Objective Two targets sustainable industrialisation for inclusive growth. Improve Crop (Plant) The South Korean government's historical efforts to introduce improved crop varieties have been ambiguously successful. Plant breeding has several useful applications in the improvement of crop plants. Improving crops in sub-Saharan Africa is one of IITA's top priorities. The plant genomics market has high potential in emerging markets, such as Asia Pacific, due to the . improved crop varieties Community participation: Greening the Aba Gerima watershed in Ethiopia 07 May 2021 The Aba Gerima watershed covers the upper portion of Lake Tana sub-basin in north-western Ethiopia. Its grains are amber, Using sophisticated genetic engineering or selective breeding, IITA develops a wide range of staple crop varieties for different situations and purposes. Schulte-Geldermann points to a few: Banana hybrids that are genetically close to dessert bananas and exhibit resistance to black sigatoka and fusarium Mung-bean 2 6. resistance and the impact on crop production systems. Sustainable crop production intensification will use crops and varieties that are better adapted to ecologically based production practices than those currently available, which were bred for . VL 829- This variety has been approved for early sowing in unirrigated land in the lower . The wheat cultivar variety Raj 3077 was used in the experiment because it is well adapted to the region due to its flexible sowing dates and tolerance to light-to-moderate saline/alkaline conditions. Demand for Improved Crop Varieties to Drive the Growth of the Plant Genomics Market The global plant genomics market is estimated to be valued at USD 7.3 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 11.7 billion by 2025, recording a CAGR of 8.3%. Agriculture is its mainstay, with cereal cultivation Read more. The combination of high-yield crop varieties and the widespread use of inorganic fertilizers markedly improved crop production, with clear benefits in terms of food security 15 . Farmers are faced with the challenge of producing sufficient crops to meet growing consumer demand while maintaining the quality and quantity of resources for future generations. "As it is located around the equator, it has various soil types, climatic conditions and topographies," he said. Thanks to the adoption of mechanization, agrochemicals, and high-yielding crops during the . How do we create demand among large numbers of small-holder farmers so they buy increasing quantities of seed of improved crop varieties? 16 Impacts of Improved Bean Varieties on Poverty and Food Security in uganda and rwanda 314 C. Larochelle, J. Alwang, G.W. Generally, the improved varieties were not showed their maximum potential yield due to shortage of rain fall when compared to the adaptation yield of 15.82qt/ha for Tseday and 15.61qt/ha for Boset in midland agro ecology of Guji Zone (Aliyi et al., 2016 . The CGIAR's Diffusion and Impact of Improved Varieties in Africa (DIIVA) project collected data on improved crop varieties in Africa south of the Sahara. variety Remarks 1. More about this book. Description This book contains 21 chapters presenting the most comprehensive, accurate and informative view of the spread of improved crop cultivars in Africa south of Sahara. C himwemwe Elifala, 29, is a farmer from Madimbo Village in Mchinji District. Of these, 7 are crop varieties from cereals, 9 crop varieties from pulses and Oil crops and 5 are crop varieties from seed spices. New crop plants suited to growth in semiarid environments will be fundamental to the future of . Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most crop grown in the highlands of and thi region is regarded as the second largest wheat production in sub-Saharan Africa and its contribution to the human diet put it Cleary in the first rank of plants that feed the world. Crop protection management. Organized under by the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) to make ensure food . The improved varieties of Pigeon pea. Indeed, Fig. Abstract: Abstract The South Korean government's historical efforts to introduce improved crop varieties have been ambiguously successful. The country needs improved varieties because of its location, according to Jemal Abdulahi (PhD), assistant professor of plant science at Haramaya University. The days to maturity in these varieties varies from 95-100 days . These varieties include one each of black gram, pigeon pea, soybean, mustard, baby corn, ragi, two of brinjal and three of linseed. PMID: 24267272 . These varieties have yield advantage of 15 to 20 percent over the existing varieties. Improved varieties along with local variety were also analysed through independent t-statistics. They have higher yields than the mainstream varieties. State-bred rice varieties helped achieve national food production goals during the Green Revolution of the 1970s, but these varieties were highly unpopular and were abandoned soon, as the government stopped promoting them. July 2018; DOI:10.1007/978-3-319 . During the interactive session, speaking on improved rice varieties and the latest farming technologies, Dr. Ashish Kumar Srivastava, from IRRI SARC also provided an overview of agronomic management practices for the newly-released DTRVs. yield Where recommended (q/acre) 2 3 4 Wheat Irrigated conditions i) Timely sown HD 2967 It is double dwarf variety with an average plant height of 101 cm. Improved Crop varieties in Nepal 1. • Nepal so far has released and registered more than one hundred rice varieties with full package of practices within the span of about fifty (50) years. Soybean 4 Total 7 Species 43 Varieties Table 2. Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Let's know some of the modern improved varieties of wheat and modern farming practices. Abstract: The use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries. Genome editing encompasses a wide variety of tools using either a site-specific recombinase (SSR) or a site-specific nuclease (SSN) system. ICAR's Central Tuber Research Institute (CTCRI), in association with the National Department of Agriculture (NDA), is promoting improved and climate-resilient varieties of tubers developed by it among tribal communities within the state. These breeding techniques have been used to develop higher-yielding varieties, including plants resistant to pests or disease. Number of the improved fruit crops released in Bhutan (1988-2017) Moreover, it should be sown by mid-October. Description. Historically, famine has been one of humanity's greatest threats—it claimed nearly 20-40 million lives in China in 1958-61, killed up to 4 million in 1943 in India, and continues to plague the Sahel region in Africa. improved crop varieties, majority of the farmers grow the improved and the traditional varieties. Using data from a random sample of 140 farmers, a multivariate probit was used to identify variety-specific drivers of adoption. In addition, our scientists produce biofortified crops that address hunger and micronutrient deficiencies particularly in children and women. Of these, 7 are crop varieties from cereals, 9 crop varieties from pulses and Oil crops and 5 are crop varieties from seed spices. Hidden hunger: addressing micronutrient deficiencies using improved crop varieties. Reduction in Diversity : Modern improved varieties are more uniform than land races. The varieties of wheat . Need for adapted crops/varieties: Reduced availability of farm labor due to other economic activities: Crops/varieties, which require less labor, required: Access to agricultural inputs (such as seed, fertilizer, pesticides) New options to grow crops/varieties with higher yield potential, able to respond to improved soil fertility Chapter 4 Crops and varieties. Norton, E. Katungi and R.A. Labarta 17 the Diffusion and Impact of Improved Food Crop Varieties in Sub-Saharan Africa 338 K. Fuglie and J. Marder PArt 4 SyntHESES AnD LESSonS LEArnED ABout HoW to CArry out FuturE rESEArCH The green fodder yield is . In plant breeding, the development of improved crop varieties is limited by the very long crop duration. For several years, he has been inspiring the farming community in Madimbo and surrounding villages to adopt new agricultural technologies that he often showcases. field crops in the United States—corn, soybean, and wheat—have increased dramatically since the late 1800s or early 1900s (USDA-ERS n.d.) (Figure 1). Descriptive statistics like mean and tabulation were used to analyse the crop performance concerning yield of the experiment harvested from demonstration plot. Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. It helps in the development of crops with desired traits such as high yields, disease resistance, quality product and response to fertilizers. Crop Variety Improvement. Developing improved crop varieties through plant breeding is one way to address this issue." The two cowpea varieties, Lunkhwakwa and Lukusuzi, developed using irradiation, which speeds up the natural process of producing genetic variation in plants, are being multiplied and the seeds will be distributed to 800 farmers in November of this . According to the Zimbabwe 2021 crop and livestock survey report [1], area planted with biofortified crops in the 2020/21 season was 11,990 ha (7,662 ha in vitamin A maize (0.4% of total maize area), and 4,328 ha in iron beans (12% of total bean area). "This makes it more susceptible to crop diseases, pests and weeds." Table 1. However, it has five main undesirable effects on crop plants. We can raise different strains of food crops with desirable traits naturally as well as scientifically. The introduction of seed of improved varieties to poor farmers would need to be accompanied with access to the knowledge and inputs to successfully grow these varieties (Y. Tadesse et al., unpublished data) and possibly the creation of opportunities for non-farm income generating activities and/or making low-interest loans available. Number of the improved field crops released in Bhutan (1988 ± 2017) Field crops Total nos. The ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) in association with the State Agriculture Department, is popularising climate-resilient, improved varieties of tuber crops developed by it . Improved crop varieties, agronomic practices, soil water conservation practices Establishment of demonstration plots on improved crop varieties (maize, groundnuts, soybeans and beans) and best-bet agronomic pratices and soil and water conservation practices in Babati, Kongwa, kiteto, Mvomero, Mbozi, Kilosa and Kilolo in Tanzania. Developing Crop Varieties with Improved Nutrient-Use Efficiency. Wheat 3 4. Farmers will need a genetically diverse portfolio of improved crop varieties, suited to a range of agro-ecosystems and farming practices, and resilient to climate change. Researchers have been assembling and managing ex situ collections of crop diversity in a systematic manner for over a century, securing traditional crop varieties and related wild species . Mustard 5 7. Some studies in West Africa using the economic surplus approach show that adoption of improved maize varieties is associated with improved household welfare ( Alene et . Early sowing Seeds: - These types of seeds are suitable for utilizing the moisture left in the soil after harvesting maize. Yet despite these challenges, examples abound of crop varieties that have been successfully bred for increased disease- or pest-resistance. The crop yield improvement is basically done for the following factors: Higher yield: You can achieve a higher yield of crops by developing HYV (high yielding variety) crops. The variety is susceptible to red leaf spot and stem borer. 2013 Nov 21;20(11):1305-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.11.003. Crop diversity is the raw material for the development of new and improved varieties, which provide a range of important benefits to farmers and consumers. The foundation of Mendelian genetics enabled plant breeders to cross plants with new precision, carefully manipulating the plant genome to produce new, improved varieties. The improvement of crop plants by alteration of traits using traditional plant breeding program is time consuming and labor intensive. 6 shows that a marginal difference was found between improved varieties and local ones with the control tillage mode and a much larger difference was found between these two types of varieties under CRT. Thus farmers must be empowered with skills in modern crop husbandry and be availed improved crop varieties to advance productivity to enable them sustain supply of quality raw materials for the agro-processing industries. New Crop Varieties Improve Tomato and Soybean Yields in Cuba 24 Aug 2021 Puja Daya, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication Thanks to nuclear techniques, new tomato varieties have been planted and harvested in Cuba this year. (Photos: M.C. Better quality: There are different reasons for improving the quality of different crops, such as . November 5th, 2021 Posted by Rachel Harrison-NYU. This variety has medium tall plants and the seeds are creamy white in colour.
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